The Automobile

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THE AUTOMOBILE

AIM

1. To make you up to date in Automobile technical terms. 
2. To develop your skill in automobile world & workshop.
3. To develop your confidence studying engineering and workshop practice.
4. To maintain your own vehicle. 

WHAT IS AUTOMOBILE

Automobile is a self propelled vehicle which is used for the transportation of the passenger and cargo. 

VEHICLE

It is a machine which is used for transportation of passenger and cargo. vehicle consist of two main parts.

1. Carrying portion.
2. Machine portion.

MOTOR VEHICLE

It is a vehicle which contain motors (DC motor or Engine) to drive it.

SELF PROPELLING VEHICLE

Self propelling vehicle is that in which power required for propulsion is produced with in.

HISTORY OF AUTOMOBILE

The invention of the automobile is not the product of a single maiden or a single country or of a single generation.

Many men of different generation in different country are responsible for it's revolution. And development. 

The history of the engine propelled vehicle dates back to 1770, 1st vehicle propelled by an engine rolled out the road.

In 1770 Ad Captain Nicholas Joseph Cuynot of France built a three wheel carriage. Propelled by steam engine which run up to the speed of 6 miles per hour. In 1801 Richard Trevithick build England first steam carriage. W H James introduced 3 variable gear transmission. The break system invented in France by Louis Renault 1902.1st. Onesiphore Pecqueure invented differential for vehicle.

Oliver Evans received first american patent for self propelling vehicle in 1789.

Steam vehicle has disadvantage of long staring period and limit fuel supply. So electric caps were used in UK in 1887. Electric caps are extremely heavy and they had short range of turned between battery charging.

In 1879 German engineer Nicholas Otto developed a four stroke engine using gas and air for combustion. It was further include by Gottlieb Daimler in Germany who subtitled oil for gas. In 1880 the two stroke engine was invented by Dugald Clerk. In 1885 Karl Benz of Germany used petrol vapor in the IC engine. In the same year Gottlieb Daimler built the first motor cycle.

In 1886 Daimler produced a four wheel carriage which runs on internal combustion engine. In 1892 Rudolf Diesel a German scientist engineer invented the first CI  Diesel Engine. The development of automobile give birth to a full fledged automobile industry and production and sale of automobile become important business. In 1898 american company imported 3 cars in Mumbai which were sold to Jamshedji Tata , An industrial St Mr Rustom Cama A Solicitor, Kawasji Wadia Amerchant.

Early automobile consist of wooden or metal body. Kerosene lamp and solid types which have been replaced by all metal body, electrical lambs and low pressure balloon types.

In 1902 first volume of car production The Curved Dash Oldsmobile started in america. In 1908 Ford T model car was produced in america by Ford motor company. In 1911 first electrical self starter installed in automobile.

CLASSIFICATION OF AUTOMOBILE

Classification of motor vehicles are showing bellow .

   1) According to usage 

1.  Motor bike and Scooter.
2. Car and Jeep
3. Bus and Truck
4. Muv
5. Suv

  2) According to capacity

1. Heavy transporting vehicle
2. Light transporting vehicle

  3) According to make and model 

1. Honda,Suzuki,Yamaha
2. Tata vista, Toyota innova, Suzuki Alto
3. AMW, Isuzu, Ashok Leyland

  4) According to fuel

1. Petrol (gasoline)
2. Diesel 
3. Cng
4. Electric

  5) According to body shape

1. Closed cars
2. Open cars
3. Estate cars , Stationary cars

  6) According to number of wheels

1. Two wheeler
2. Three wheeler
3. Four wheeler
4. Six wheeler

  7) According to position of steering wheel

1. Left hand drive vehicles
2. Right hand drive vehicle

  8) According to drive

1. Front wheel dive vehicles
2. Rear wheel drive vehicles
3. Four wheel drive vehicles

  9) According to transmission

1. Manual transmission
2. Semi automatic transmission
3. fully automatic transmission

TYPES OF VEHICLES

1)  CLOSED CARS

SEDAN

     A) Saloon/Sedan   A sedan(american) or Saloon (UK) is a passenger car in a three box configuration  with A,B & C pillars and principal volumes articulated in separate compartments for engine, passenger, and cargo. The passenger compartment features two rows of seat and adequate passenger space in the rear compartment for adult passengers. The cargo compartment is typically in the rear, with the exception of some rear engine models.

HATCHBACK

     B) HatchBack  A hatch back is a car body cofiguration with a rear door that swings upward to provide access to a cargo area. Hatchback may feature fold down second row seating, where the interior can be flexibly reconfigured to prioritize passenger vs, cargo volume. Hatckback may feature two or three box design.

COUPE

     C) Coupe  A Coupe is a closed two door car body style with a permanently attached roof that is shorter than a sedan of the same model, and it often has seating for two persons or with a tight spaced rear seat. The precise definition of the term varies between manufactures and over time.

LIMOUSINE

     D) Limousine  A Limousine or Limo is a luxury sedan or saloon car generally driven by a chauffeur and with a partition between the driver and the passenger compartment. Limousine often have a lengthened wheelbase.

2) OPEN CARS

SPORTS CAR

     A) Sports Car A sports car racing is a form of circuit auto racing with automobiles that, with the exception of non aerodynamics, have two seat and enclosed wheels ( but only aerodynamics). They be purpose built or related to road going sports cars.

CONVERTIBLE

    B) Convertible A convertible is a type of automobile of various automobile body style that can convert from open air (top down or topless) mode to a provisionally enclosed (roofed or top up) mode. Convertibles evolved from the earlier phaeton, a similar vehicle without glass side windows that may or may not have had removable panels of fabric or other materials instead to protects from rain and cold etc..

3) SPECIALLY DESIGNED VEHICLES

STATION WAGON

     A) Station Wagon A station wagon also Estate car or estates is an automobile body style variant of a sedan/saloon with it's roof extended reward over a shared passenger/cargo volume with access at the back via a third or fifth door instead of a trunk lid. the body style transforms a standard three box design into a two box design - to include an A,B and C pillar, as well as a D pillar. Station wagons can flexible reconfigure their interior volume via fold down rear seats to prioritize either passenger or cargo volume.

SUV

      B) Sport Utility Vehicle (SUV) A SUV or Suburban Utility Vehicle is a vehicle to a station wagon or estate car, usually equipped with four wheel drive for on or off road ability. Some SUV include the towing capacity of a pickup of a pickup truck with the passenger carrying space of a minivan or large sedan.

MUV

      C) Multi Utility Vehicle (MUV) MUV is a large vehicle which can tackle a wide range application. They typically allow easy conversion between multiple combinations of passenger and luggage capacity.

4) TRANSPORT VEHICLR

VAN

      A) Van The original van was a large covered wagon or the front of an army. Times has changed the definition to what it is now to only be a box vehicle.

A modern Van is a kind of vehicle used for transporting goods or people it can be either specially designed cargo vehicle or based on a saloon or sedan, the latter type often including derivatives with open back.

TRUK

     B) Truck/Lorry A Truck (USA) or Lorry(UK, India) is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks very greatly in size, power and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile. Commercial trucks can be very large and powerful, and may be configured to mount specialized equipment.

ARTICULATED VEHICLE

     C) Articulated Vehicle An articulated vehicle is a vehicle which has a permanent or semi permanent pivoting joint in it's construction, allowing the vehicle to turn more sharply. There are many kind of articulated vehicles, tractor and trailer etc..

BUS

     D) Bus A Bus is a road vehicle designed to carry many passengers. The most common type of bus is the single decker rigid bus, with large loads carried by double decker and articulated buses. Buses may be used for scheduled bus transport, school transport private hire or tourism.

COACH

     E) Coach A coach is a type of bus used for conveying passengers on excursion and on longer distance intercity bus service between cities or even between countries. Unlike transit buses designed for shorter journeys, coaches often have a luggage hold that is separate from passenger cabin and are normally equipped with facilities required for longer trips, including comfortable seat and sometimes a toilet.